India, apple of Investor's eye : India lured more than ₹26 thousand crore foreign investment in a month. 

Rajasthan gets ₹10,000 crore : Malaysia keen to invest Rs.10,000 crore on Rajasthan roads 

Gurgaon Real Estate gets ₹1500 crore : US-Based Hines to invest $250 millions in Indian real Estate

South India gets ₹850 crore : Hardcastle to Invest Rs 850 Crore to add 250 McDonald's outlets in 3 yrs in south & west India 

Orissa gets ₹15,000 crore : US-based Alcor Inc keen to invest Rs 15,000 crore in Odisha for helicopters manufacturing assembly 

Financial lyte byte #1

Inflation grows faster than the interest so ₹100000 today is better than ₹181,056.63 in 2020

In other words it'll give u purchase power of buying of only ₹55231.34 ; 

(calculate )

Computational Notes:The reduced amount is computed using the standard present value formula:

      Reduced amount = amount/(1 + inflation rate)^number years

The required amount is computed using the standard future value formula:

      Required amount = amount * (1 + inflation rate)^number years

A Brief Mystery of Time

At Malaka Spice, a fine dining restaurant in the heart of Pune City, I was sipping beer sitting across from my friend, a dynamo of a woman, owner of synthesis of ardour in her behaviour, an exquisite womanhood. Her other expertise are art, humanity, harmony, emotional and social intelligence over science and factual knowledge. Someone who is intelligent in emotional and social grounds should be also accounted for high speed, ability to learn, understand, assessment, decision making, synthesizing and high IQ. And yet, preserved herself from impostor syndrome or egomania . She has expertise about certain topics, but often noticed her spending a lot of time listening rather putting herself forward. Conversation with her never results expound. She blends perfectly. At this evening, we were deep in conversation as the waiter filled her glass with Martini and served us plates of black pepper fish with garlic, (Pandhali)chicken slices wrapped in some leaves and flat noodles and crunchy peanuts finely tossed in sprouts with lime.

As always my mind whirlwind of thoughts, twirling about anything and everything.

'I am already so busy with my IT stuff and now starting this new cafe business, how am I going to manage the time, to do everything?'  I said and emptied the Corona, encountering in its descent the cool ecstasy.

'I've promised to develop and deliver an application within next two months, there are festivals and holidays like every day, in coming months. I have promises to deliver but with only 24 hrs a day.' So saying, I let fall in my mouth, still left last drop of Corona.

'Hold your horses!! Dude, Time is elastic' She said while looking at me through her captivating but yet so stern eyes.

'Have you ever felt like hours have passed, when in fact, it had only been minutes?'

 I nodded in agreement.

'Time is elastic? hmmm'  I resorted to my mind, for the answer.

'You see, these 24 hours of each day are like elastic. It's up to each one of us how we stretch it and fill in as many activities as we can. And then you create the time to do things you are inspired to do, time becomes elastic'.

Well, my eyebrows arched higher as this struck to my head, rubbing that bruised organ with one hand while attempting to signal waiter with other hand for repeat. I was surprised and thinking that how easily she said 'Time is elastic'. Word is 'The Time'.

'Well, yes. I guess, I know exactly what you mean' as I leaned toward her and shrink my eyes(in habitual reserve). My gestures definitely were not in line with my saying, which she noticed and ignored very conveniently for my convenience.

So engrossed in drinks, food and her talks that I lose track of time? When noticed,We were late. I smiled to her and said 'Time is really elastic, It shrunk!’. At that moment I experienced the first hand meaning of 'time is elastic'.

TIME has always been a favorite subject for legion of people(mine too). The concept of time varies in different cultures and geographies. I'm going to go a bit further into this than normally ’coz it has intrigued Philosophers, Scientists and Artists, since quite a long time.

Aborigines believed that time can’t be measured and divided. Therefore they never celebrated birthdays. Many African ethnic groups believe in the present only and consider the past and future as an envelope of/to it. Artists work also reflected the same. Since Monet couldn't capture everything in one scene, he painted the same scene over and over during the day to create the sequence in order to depict motion.  Picasso also realized the same and therefore liked to paint all sides of any surface simultaneously. And so did the other Cubist’s like Braque, Pollock, Hopi and Navajo. Indians depicted the same in their paintings. 

Thence 'Time is elastic' deserves considerable tinkering. Back in time it was Einstein, who discovered first that Time slows as one approaches to the speed of light, scientists refer to this as time dilation.

And it was Hendrik Lorentz, who figured the physical phenomenon of a decrease in length detected by an observer when an objects travels at any non-zero velocity relative to that observer. This contraction is usually only noticeable at the speed of light and is called length contraction.

I guess it’s proved and we all now know that time dilation and length contraction actually occurs.

Let’s take a look at the following diagram. Where X-axis is time and Y-axis is space.

In following diagram 1.a we can see even when person is not in motion in Space(Y axis), still he ages or he moves in time.

            

Similarly In diagram 1.b we can see when a person starts moving in Y axis i.e. into space. As his speed increases in y axis. His time slows or he covers more space in time.

The graph explains that quantized region is spatial or space-time area, which doesn't really mean that time has to be quantized   but there is a smallest area to a region you can write. However, this region could be very small in space and very long in time, or very large in space and very short in time. Which can be logically reasoned with motion. 

Motion, in space slows time.

So as the motion approaches speed of light in diagram 1.c, time freezes. So mastering the art of motion can lead us to control the time.

But what is motion?? 

When an object gets from point X to point Y in time T, object is supposed to be in motion.

Imagine an archer who shoots an arrow from position A to the target at position B. Now imagine that arrow in flight. This arrow will take some 'time' to hit the target. Now divide up this time into a series of moments or indivisible instants per Se. At any given instant or moment if we look at the arrow, it is at some fixed position and it is not moving. So individually in each instant if we see the arrow, it is fixed at some position and is not moving.

Take it this way if we had captured the flight of the arrow in video or camera, and then watch it frame by frame, what will we notice is that in each frame the arrow is simply hovering in the air. The arrow appears to be in motion only when we bring all frames together. In each frame, the arrow is motionless. So throughout all time(group of instants), the arrow is at rest. Thus motion cannot happen. that exactly is arrow paradox, by Zeno.

Zeno’s arrow paradox appears to show that motion is impossible. It works by taking a snapshot of an arrow at a point (either in space or in time) in its flight. At that point, and at every other, the arrow is motionless. If at every point and at every moment in its flight the arrow is still, then how is it possible for it to move from the bow to its target? If there is no point, spatially or temporally, at which the arrow is moving, then the arrow is motionless. Contrary to appearances, an arrow in flight cannot move.

Lets do one more analysis but length now. Imagine the same archer with a bow and an arrow. Target is at position B at the other end of room at distance D. If you shoot the arrow, it has to travel from position A to position B. Assume distance D is 100 m. To reach position B arrow has to travel 100 m. Before it has to reach 100 m, it has to reach halfway i.e. (100/2 m) 50 m first. Before it has to reach 50 m, it has to reach halfway i.e. 25 m first. And before it has to reach 25 m, it has to reach halfway i.e. 12.5 m first. Rather repeating that last sentence a grillion times, let me summarize distance can be divided into infinite halfway. i.e. 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.125......and so on up to infinite series of points.

So to reach the target which is just 100 m, arrow has to travel pass through these infinite points. To travel infinite points we need infinite time. Which says arrow will never reach at position B which is just 100 m away. Contrary to reality, an arrow can never hit the target. In fact, similar reasoning applies to any other alleged case of motion, so it seems that movement in general is impossible. :-)

Zeno abolishes motion, saying 'What is in motion moves neither in the place it is nor in one in which it is not'. But Zeno's paradoxes is open for discussion provided we settle with an answer on to very basic question that if anything but space and time are infinitely divisible. The question is not about discrete or continuous nature of space and time but ‘bout if we have sufficient wherewithal, apt enough to assess the results. Just because some number system enables us to give a number between any two numbers and we use them for space and time in habitual reserve, doesn't suffice the reasons to use them to measure the instances of space and time between two instants of space and time. Thence, we may need to introduce some different fundamental units to measure the immeasurable units of space and time. 

Fundamental units? Already there are: Planck length and Planck time. Well Calculus is also used to deal with computation related to space, time, and motion. Calculus provides tools, especially the limits, functions, derivatives, integrals, and the infinite series, which helps to resolve these paradoxes.

Above computations stands true with presumption that time and matter are similar; an ontological entity. The Calculus and Planck’s justification are strong enough rather are basis of modern mathematics but still can’t explain a pattern for dividing time/space, which  devoid of regularity and also divide it into pieces.

There is a story circulating among scientist about a man who lost his watch 'Please, Sir, what is time?' And the scientist replies, 'I'm sorry, you'll have to ask a philosopher. I'm just a physicist.'

IMHO it needs to be a philosopher to decipher time, space and motion. IMHO(In my honest opinion), Bergson's was best in putting motion in words—which he thought expressed an absurdity—‘movement is composed of immobilities’.

Epistemology is not my area of interest but Metaphysics. So coming back to Ontology, the Plato way to see the world. Who along with Descartes, Leibniz, Berkeley and Mach supported that space is the matter of which material objects are composed. They strongly believed that space and time can't be separated from matter. And so the paradox which actually depends in part, on stopping at each infinitesimal point.

The Planck's, Calculus's, Plato's and other's explanation doesn't really address the phenomenological issue raised by Zeno's argument. Weierstrass’s continuous function is a static completed entity, invoking this model supports the fact which sounds as an agreement with Zeno, who actually was defending his mentor , Parmenides argument that motion is an illusion and does not truly exist.

Motion is an illusion and as I said back that mastering the art of motion can lead us to control the time. Speed up the illusion :-). 

Easy!! Isn't? Not really. Because, for something to achieve speed of light, its (rest) mass must be 0. ‘Coz if an object with non-zero mass could go at speed of light, according to the transformation formula, its mass would be infinite. Since there is no such thing as 'infinite mass', so it is not possible for something with non-zero rest mass to go at light speed. Also if any object with mass travelling at such a speed will become increasingly massive and therefore will be more difficult to accelerate.

This is quite evident with photons, which moves with speed of light  and has zero rest mass or mass-less. In my earlier blog 'Universe is Motion Picture' I mentioned that photons should be independent of time. Thus for photons time is stretched so much that it is almost frozen and therefore for photon time seems to be paused. So achieving speed of light seems to be impossible for us due to mass.Will  time never be elastic for us?

My friend, with high quotient, broader vision and excel at linguistic and logical intelligence must had meant something if she said ‘Time is elastic’. And yes she does. With achieving speed of light one will pause his time but with any motion we decrease the duration in time. By moving incredibly fast! Time can be stretched and shrunk, and thence TIME IS ELASTIC!! For apparent reasons she is dynamo of a woman.

Einstein also discovered that speed isn't the only way to slow time, gravity also slows time. And gravity is very much attribute of mass. Lets zero in on gravity. :-) Not now may be next time.

I guess to complete this blog I need to meet my friend again. But to reach her I need to reach the halfway first. But to reach the halfway, I need to reach the halfway of halfway first.(pun intended)

Thank God Zeno’s paradox is finally a paradox else I couldn't be able to reach her.

The Gut Feeling

We always accounted brain for decision making process. Wisdom subjected to anything other than brain never adds up to a can of beans. But we often had some 'advanced feeling', 'intuitions' or 'instinct' about something that's later turned out to be true? Often have witnessed sixth sense. It is often we hear, 'emotional decision' or 'an impulsive force'. 'Wisdom tooth', the third molars; last teeth to grow, is also linked with wisdom. Then why it is that we zero in on only upon brain whence intelligence. It's all motherhood and apple pie.


We always believed that it is the only brain behind the decision, judgement, willpower, governing senses, solving problem, imagination and intuitiveness. Brain is made of over 100 billion neurons or unit cells. These nerve cells or neurons are similar to other cells in our body in characteristics. The key differences are that neurons transmit and receive electrochemical signals and neurons stop reproducing very shortly after birth.

Santiago Ramon y Cajal contributor to neuron doctrine proposed that neurons are not continuous throughout the body. However, neurons still communicate between neural  or other cells. Sir Charles Scott Sherrington and colleagues spawned the theory, 'Neurons are cells that are specialized to pass signals to individual target cells, and synapses are the means by which they do so'. Synapse: The structure that permits a neuron to pass an electrochemical signal to another cell. Neurons release neurotransmitters into these synapses to communicate with other neurons or other cells.

Candace Pert, the famous neurobiologist researcher and professor of Physiology and Biophysics at Georgetown University Medical Center. She is Ph.D. in pharmacology from Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. A research scientist for 30 years, seized avidly upon fundamentals on neurobiology from which she had extracted theories on Brain Biochemistry. In her recent dissertation she tried to divert attention towards the fact that the mind is not separate from the body, but infuses the body. Her book, Molecules of Emotion: Why You Feel The Way You Feel, she explained the physics of emotions, the mind-body connection.


She put evidence that electrochemical signals are not only exchanged over synapse, but most of the communication happens at the receptor sites on the cell walls throughout the body. The cells are surrounded by fluid containing peptides. Peptides are specialized protein, but smaller in size. They match to specific receptor sites and infuse respective cells with specific information. Other than acting as information agents they also regulate the internal environment of the body. Example of peptide is endorphins. They are neurotransmitters responsible for feelings like excitement, pain, consumption of spicy food, love and orgasm.

Research says that these cellular exchange of information is 98% responsible for our emotions then synapses with 2%. She also suggested this as the reason for our intuitions. Her research gave us reason to break out of the mold and to increase our wherewithal on this new paradigm. We need to dispossess our basic thought of mind as sole owner of intelligence and requires a second fusion of complete body with the mind to redefine the proprietorship. Candace Pert coined it 'Cellular Intelligence'.

Going beyond Neuroscience to the traditional conceptual understanding of vital points in the physical body, but are generally understood as being part of the 'subtle body' called Chakras. There are notions that chakras play a vital role with multiple physiological functions, consciousness and non-locality. We will only pick consciousness to avoid distraction. Exploring deep inside the rabbit hole unveils that chakras are related with nerve plexus. We believed that chakras relates to our endocrine glands. And, our emotions control the releases of hormones like adrenaline, like chronic anxiety. Pumping of adrenaline is not only associated with fight and flight situations, but also memory. Vividly do we remember it if we observe something while our adrenaline is pumping.


This is the key basis of Avatar technique. Avatar trains to control information exchange not only from the mind, but cells. For them it's no more an absurdly implausible tale to control your consciousness or controlling the speed of our heart rate with cellular intelligence.

Cullen Hightower said, 'Wisdom is what's left after we've run out of personal opinions.' IMHO- In My Honest Opinion, when we run out of wisdom we call for our 'Gut feel' and assumes that Gut will tell right. However, back in our mind, we had buried this thought that 'gut' has no direct relationship with intelligence. But gut has neurons and communicate through neural pathways. The enteric nervous system (ENS). Which is an interaction system between the brain and gut, also known as a "second brain". 90% of the body's serotonin lies in the gut; as well as about 50% of the body's dopamine also lies there. They have major nerve plexus. Even the solar plexus or 'Manipura' is located at our guts, responsible for the determination, knowing and decisiveness. 

GUT has a 'mind of its own' so are other cells. For intelligence thoughts and feelings it deserves more than a cool mind, a cool gut. Straight from gut se...

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Horn 'OK' Please

It was boring to stare outside from a window of a bus, when the picture doesn't change. Perhaps universe as the motion picture has lost its motion. There was this huge 18 wheeler trailer truck covered with the dust. And, in the rain, the dust has become mud. Though mud splattered all over it, but can see some example of street-side art done all over with bright colors and 'Horn OK Please' painted with some strings decorated at the side. 

Yes, I guess we are stuck and had almost spent more than thirty minutes, but this jam is not ready to ease. This waiting is creating chaos, and for sure this jam must be appended with more buses, trucks and cars adding to its complexity. 

However, my gaze is drawn back to same phrase 'Horn OK Please' painted over that shabby faded trailer. Why 'Horn Please' is OK. Why sound is so OK? What if sound is not attenuated? But then light also attenuates, however still we see light from stars. Does sound completely die after some time? Is there a sound boundary? Attenuation of sound can be graphically represented in a power spectrum, i.e. loudness vs frequency or waveform, i.e. pressure vs time. 

UDFy-38135539, which is also known as Hubble Ultra Deep Field, age of this light is 13.1 billion years. In depth I don't have the knowledge wherewithal to paraphrase the process  how age of light is calculated, but it has something to do with redshift. Expansion of the universe has stretched its wavelength. Wherefore, shifting of light towards the red end of the spectrum is directly proportional to increase of distance from source. This effect of stretching light waves from distant stars help in finding its source/position and the age of light. 

Wandered apart from original thought, why we are able to see light, from big bang of universe (13.75 billion years ago) but sound. As the sound working mechanism says that sound requires some compressible medium to propagate. And, since it is (almost) vacuum in outer space; so no sound. In order to support a contradictory thought lets consider the semblance on sound vs sound medium with light vs light sources. if we require light to perceive about light source then sound is perceived to us due to air. Now the say is if it is discernible to have colors in the dark, discernibly objects may produce sounds in a vacuum. 

We know when we see light we actually see the source of light. We never perceive the light Per se but the source. However with sound we presume to hear medium but not the source event. We hear waves due to air but not the bell itself. But it sounds contradictory. Sound is due to movement of waves, but the sound is not actually heard as propagating in any direction; only moving source emits moving sounds. Which means instead of wave movement we sense stationary sound from stationary source or moving sound from moving source. If it is really the movement of wave we are hearing then we might not be hearing them as they are. However, the analogy asses to assume, the knowledge of sounds with sound waves is insufficient and leaves some place wanting.

Sound is created in outer space and is not able to propagate due to lack of medium. However, according to first law of thermodynamics; the energy conservation law, 'Energy can be changed from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed.' So the energy cannot disappear. It has to be transformed into another form of energy. Sound created in outer space is transformed to some form. "Heat" cannot be completely as an answer, IMHO. Otherwise, AC wouldn't have been successful in kindergarten (crying babies) or a rock concert would have always ended with fire alarm. 

Few days back I was reading about how sound played a vital role in shaping and structuring of early universe. Vice-verse shape has also always played salient role in sound dynamics. Does the shape of Universe has something to do with sound? As there are various philosophies spawning correspondent to 'Shape of Universe'. 

Maybe, there is no sound as nobody is there to hear it. Quantum mechanics is famous for saying that a tree falling in a forest, when there's no one there doesn't make a sound. But then if we go with quantum physics completely then not only would it not make a sound, but there would be no tree. However, there is tree but no sound . Missing mass problem lead us to discover dark matter, does missing sound clue for something. 

Back in time famous Aristotle mentioned 'Horror vacui', nature abhors a vacuum. So if nature abhors the vacuum, then in outer space, vacuum is not really the vacuum at all. True as it is full of dust (hydrogen helium plasma), dark matter, dark energy and Higgs bosons. And, recently explained how it makes particles to acquire mass. Also, there is an explanation for hypothesized waves of dark matter. So waves and particles are there (along with wave-particle duality of photons; pun intended). As per my understanding sound is due to mechanical waves produced due to vibration of molecules in the medium. Let us go one step below an atomic level. Phenomenon to have smaller particles vibrating and causing waves. Hmmm 'may be' they are small enough to cause significance, which can be detected, but then we cannot have different theories as per size. Small things do affect larger bodies. It's quite visible in quantum physics. And if something small can make significance then, with wherewithal understanding of dark matter, and the dark energy, and even more mysterious force that is driving the universe to expand at an accelerating pace, it will be a thoughtless decision to overlook any relation of sound with these, IMHO.

Since big bang has both light  and sound, let us understand the journey of the universe from big bang to today. The initial state of the universe after the big bang  was like a dense fog, as light couldn't escape out of this fog without hitting electrons. However, with expansion and the cooling of universe, protons and electron combined to form atom and matter and planets and stars and galaxies and more. With this continuous process of expansion, the universe almost became transparent and allowing the light to travel in space and reaching us 13.7 billion later. Similarly, the initial fog allowed to transmit sound waves. However, with expansion, the fog cleared; the sound waves would have remained as countless ripples of material, ripples overlapping again and again. And, after 13.7 billion later the sound gets quieter and deeper in tone, too faint to be detectable today, but in future with more advanced sensitive development. Perhaps in future 'Horn Please' will not be OK as we might are creating ripples which attenuates but, doesn't die.

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Universe is Motion Picture

Tell me the position of small and big hand of your watch, which happened simultaneously with the event, in which you look at your watch. Hey I'm just asking what is time??

As per wikipedia: "Time is used to sequence events, to compare the duration of events and the intervals between them, and to quantify rates of change such as the motions of objects."

Aristotle explained, Time is defined as "the number of movement in respect of before and after"

"Time, for Aristotle, is fundamentally linked to change and movement.  Where there is alteration or movement, there is time, for everything that comes to be and ceases to be are in time."  

Einstein explained time with Simultaneity."The 'time' of an event is that which is given simultaneously with the event by a stationary clock located at the place of the event, this clock being synchronous, and indeed synchronous for all time determinations, with a specified stationary clock."

We often understood time by comparing it with motion of heavenly and celestial bodies across the space. Then we moved to sun-dial, hourglass, water clock and finally clocks and watches. Gradually we cutoff from the original methods and started finding better and precise ideas to synchronise watches and finally so far, today's cesium fountain atomic clock. If Time is the ongoing sequence of events taking place, isn't it we forgot referencing, the abstract Time but with some known motion of sun or interval of events at atomic level etc. The our understanding of time is nothing but the past, present and future. Let us try to understand them in more details.

• Past : It is audit trail of many presents. It is very much related to memory. We often doubt the existence of past if there are no evidences or all relative algorithms of present stands true without it. The relationship of past with present and future is that it comes before/earlier. And we can measure it in duration. It should scale up to infinity but presently we limit it up to little before big bang.

• Future : All possible states that can be created from extending past in scale with present gives us horizon of future. It has no evidences attached with it so we doubt its existence. Its relationship with past and present is that it comes last. Its scale up to infinity but we can measure it too.

• Present : Present is....sorry, Is there a present ?? Present is not present but nearest past that we assume to be happening 'now'. Before we sense the truth of present, it has already became past. But still present is not imaginary. It is that point which separates future from past. And this point is micro sorry nano, pico, fepto or very very very smaller than yoctosecond in sharpness. Perhaps it will be unwise to measure it. Unlike past and future we can not measure the present. Present is nothing but just the feeling that one selected future is being audited as past. Our action in present has nothing to do with what happening now but an action to filter out one future from small band of near futures which is again filtered result of infinite possibilities of futures. 

Unfortunately Hubble's finding came little late after the Einstein had published his theory of relativity and time. Otherwise Einstein might has accounted the space expansion also while defining his theory of Simultaneity. But still with all the findings he had with him during his work on relativity he concluded that there is nothings as the 'now' at all. There is no absolute time, not even 'rest-system time' is absolute time. It depends on motion of observer. Even very small relative difference in motion can result significant difference in time-ordering. If observed from distance event A,B and C might occur as A,C and B to other observer due to relative motion differences. There is very much possibility that our 'now' is different than that of other's. Generally clocks are nothing but referencial way to synchronize 'now' or 'nows' :-). “That meeting starts at 9 o'clock,” is being explained as “The pointing of the small hand of watch to 9, bigger hand pointing to 12 and the start of the meeting are simultaneous events." But time is space expansion; motion and force due to it. 

Lets assume if there is no time then world would be in pause mode. There will be motionless universe(not multi verse). No force applied or felt. Just like a picture. We will be seeing this world exactly how it appears to photon(may be will talk some other time that photons should or shouldn't be independent of time). May be the universe is nothing but timeless pictures and we are just able to relate it with previous picture because of memories. Remember second law of thermodynamics: Entropy is tendency of a particle(information in our case) to move from higher levels of organization and structure to lower levels. Here past(single) is higher level of state and future(multiple) is lower level. So by laws it is possible for information to travel from past picture to present. And we are able to sense motion in it as we sense motion in still images films in projector. 

I'm confused with time and expansion of space or call it motion pictures.

"Time Is Only What Prevents Everything From Happening At Once."

As you can see now, I'm really confused. And I apologize as I'm confused who said above line John Wheeler,Albert Einstein or Ray Cummings.

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Java Script Tips

Following Java Script code shows how to call a  loop from callback. 

<html>
    <body>
        <h1>Javascript Loop function</h1>
        <script>
                 function callback(arrObj, func){ 
 for ( var cnt = 0; cnt < arrObj.length; cnt++ ) { 
func.call(arrObj[cnt],cnt); 
 } 
} 
var num = 0; 
var arrObj=[0,1];
callback(arrObj, function(value){ 
 alert("loop no :"+value +" called in callback"); 
         });
        </script>
    </body>
</html>

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